Policy Implications of Psychology Model of Mental Disorder

Strategy Implications of Psychology Model of Mental Disorder This exposition will audit the article Policy ramifications of a mental model of mental issue (Kinderman, P., Sellwood, W. what's more, Tai, S., 2007), and examine how this article is pertinent to my future profession, by contrasting the thoughts that it upholds and those in different articles inside a similar field. The expansive thought that supports this article is that current emotional well-being administration strategy is predicated on the clinical model of mental issue, and that a mental model of mental issue could assist with advising or even supplant the clinical model regarding molding strategy. Kinderman et al’s (2007) article presents the view that psychological issue are â€Å"implicitly thought to be organic issue requiring treatment with variations on the conventional clinical consideration systems†. The article presents proof from various sources, including the National Office of Statistics, and the cause Mind, on the side of the view that individuals experiencing mental scatters regularly get wrong consideration, and that the fundamental explanation is the presumption of clinical as opposed to mental models of treatment. The interceding mental procedures model of mental issue (Kinderman, 2005, as refered to by Kinderman et al 2007) is the mental model proposed to upgrade or supplant the current clinical model. This model sees social and social impacts, just as organic factors as causing unsettling influences in the mental procedures of individuals experiencing mental clutters, as the graph from Kinderman et al (2007) underneath outlines; The advantages of utilizing this model are that intercessions would be intended to profit the hidden mental procedures as opposed to treat an analyzed ‘illness’ as a major aspect of a conventional clinical reaction. The model proposes causation is outside to the individual, and that psychological issue is a reaction to outer variables. The distinction with this model according to the clinical model is that the clinical model just thinks about natural factors, and overlooks social and social components. Mediations, from this viewpoint, would along these lines be a lot more extensive, and would remember for enormous part psychological wellness laborers, with less accentuation on the more medicinally slanted mental methodology, and more accentuation on a multi-disciplinary methodology. Kinderman et al’s (2007) article proceeds to see how administrations could be organized around a social instead of clinical system and how existing hierarchical and operational structures would be modified across the executives and forefront offices. How clients would connect with a help rebuilt around mental concerns is taken a gander at, especially as for the shame felt by patients that is at present connected with the clinical model of mental ‘illness’, and the suggestions for quiet recuperation models. The greater network based, ‘quality of life’ way to deal with thinking about individuals experiencing mental clutters is accentuated over these segments of the article. A breakdown of how the jobs of explicit emotional wellness laborers would be influenced by reception of Kinderman et al’s (2007) mental model is likewise given. The job of the emotional well-being specialist in this exciting modern lifestyle would be particularly as a major as pect of a multi-disciplinary group. The job of specialist centers exclusively around natural mediations as far as effect on mental procedures, and the customary accentuation on psychiatry over different orders would be supplanted by an increasingly shared methodology inside a group of experts over various followers. Kinderman et al (2007) suggest that medical attendants take on a more extensive job that incorporates mental mediations, may convey greater duty regarding clinical choices, yet at the same time dependent on close to home restorative connections in both network and private consideration settings. Therapists are seen basically as directors and mentors, and as planning fitting mediations as a feature of a multi-disciplinary group, as opposed to doing them. Social specialists gracefully the social point of view to the group, and would be associated with socially based mediations, rather than mental or natural intercessions. At long last, word related advisors likewise center around the social parts of care, explicitly social consideration, and the article proposes that a closer connection between word related treatment and come back to work exhortation may come to fruition. I have endeavored to put Kinderman et al’s (2007) article into setting by inspecting writing identified with this theme, to comprehend the issue of the clinical model inside the emotional well-being administrations from alternate points of view. Petrie, K., Broadbent, E., and Kydd, R. (2008) take a gander at the effect of the patient’s own view of their ailment as far as how the patient connects with psychological wellness administrations and rehabilitative endeavors. The self-guideline hypothesis recommends that people structure presence of mind convictions about their sickness so they can â€Å"understand and adapt to wellbeing threats† (Leventhal et al., 1997; Leventhal, Nerenz, and Steele, 1984, as refered to by Petrie et al 2008). People effectively attempt to comprehend their manifestations and their ailment, which â€Å"†¦drives the patients adapting and enthusiastic reactions to the wellbeing threat.† Petrie et al (2008) are contending that th e view of the patient impact how they look for help, adapt to intercessions, restore, and react genuinely to mental confusion. This view adjusts to Kinderman et al’s (2007) see that social and social elements are as significant as organic factors in how the emotional well-being administrations connect with individuals experiencing mental disarranges, and how well individuals react to intercessions. People’s view of themselves are vigorously dependent upon how they think others see them, which is a social and social effect on an individual mental develop. For instance of this Kondo, D. (1990), in pondering as a specialist her own encounters as a Japanese American portrays how individuals â€Å"seemed to be comprised in and through social relations† and how oneself is a powerful development. Starting here of view, almost certainly, an individuals’ impression of themselves, since it is a social develop, will change after some time, and especially regarding h ow they see the condition of mental issue they experience the ill effects of, and how any intercession advances (or not). This fits with Kinderman et al’s (2007) acknowledgment that people are defamed through the utilization of the clinical model to them, in the possession of the emotional wellness administration. Rose, Thornicroft, Pinfold, Kassam, (2007, as refered to by Petrie et al 2008) bring up that â€Å"the analyze utilized for emotional wellness issues are all the more regularly connected with negative connotations.† Mã ¼ller DJ, Mandelli L, Serretti A, DeYoung CG, De Luca V, Sicard T, Tharmalingam S, Gallinat J, Muglia P, De Ronchi D, Jain U, Kennedy JL. (2008) completed investigation into the impacts of hereditary and non-hereditary factors on grown-up Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). As per Muller et al (2008), there is â€Å"strong proof that ADHD is exceptionally heritable and has a neurobiological underpinning† (Faraone and Biederman, 1999, as refered to by Muller et al 2008), and that â€Å"low financial status, parental psychopathology, and family conflict† (Scahill et al., 1999 and Biederman et al., 2002, as refered to by Muller et al 2008) are on the whole solid supporters of the danger of ADHD. This view adjusts to Kinderman et al’s (2007) see that social and social factors just as organic elements should be joined into the model that supports emotional wellness administrations strategy. Muller et al (2007) presumes that the incorporation of  "environmental factors in hereditary examinations, [would help] to resolve†¦Ã¢â‚¬  irregularities in investigations of ADHD and of â€Å"†¦other mental disorders.† Again, the significance of social and social factors just as organic factors in understanding mental issue is underlined. Much examination has connected self destruction, and having self-destructive considerations, to burdensome scatters. For instance, â€Å"most young people with burdensome disarranges report critical self-destructive ideation, and a huge minority report having made a self destruction endeavor over the span of their downturn (Myers, McCauley, Calderon, Treder, 1991, as refered to by Brown, R., Antonuccio, D., DuPaul, G., Fristad, M., King, C., Leslie, L., McCormick, G., Pelham, W., Piacentini, J., Vitiello, B., and Brown, R. 2008). It very well may be contended that self destruction is a significantly singular act. As indicated by Durkheim, the thought processes of an individual could be clarified by brain research, however brain science didn't give a general clarification of self destruction as a ‘social fact’ (Smith, M., 1998). In Suicide (1897/1952, as refered to by Smith, M. 1998), Durkheim contemplated self destruction rates across time and spot, and discovered examp les between self destruction rates and among different elements, the geographic area of individuals that ended it all, and participation of strict gatherings. No doubt social and social elements had an undeniable effect upon the perspective of people, and that there may likewise be mental elements impacting everything. According to the article under audit here, it would along these lines appear that not exclusively do social and social procedures should be considered when thinking about individuals with mental scatters, yet mental factors additionally impact, or maybe intercede how social and social elements impact, the person. This is extensively in accordance with Kinderman et al’s (2007) model, in spite of the fact that the connection among organic and mental variables isn't clear, and could stand further research, despite th

Chlorine From Periodic Table of the Elements

Chlorine From Periodic Table of the Elements Nuclear Number: 17 Image: Cl Nuclear Weight: 35.4527 Disclosure: Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1774 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p5 Word Origin: Greek: khloros: greenish-yellow Properties: Chlorine has a dissolving purpose of - 100.98Â °C, breaking point of - 34.6Â °C, thickness of 3.214 g/l, explicit gravity of 1.56 (- 33.6Â °C), with a valence of 1, 3, 5, or 7. Chlorine is an individual from the halogen gathering of components and straightforwardly joins with practically the entirety of different components. Chlorine gas is a greenish yellow. Chlorine figures unmistakably in numerous natural science responses, especially in replacements with hydrogen. The gas goes about as an aggravation for respiratory and different mucous films. The fluid structure will consume the skin. People can smell as low a sum as 3.5 ppm. A couple of breaths at a convergence of 1000 ppm is generally lethal. Utilizations: Chlorine is utilized in numerous regular items. It is utilized for sterilizing drinking water. Chlorine is utilized in the creation of materials, paper items, colors, oil based goods, prescriptions, bug sprays, disinfectants, nourishments, solvents, plastics, paints, and numerous different items. The component is utilized to fabricate chlorates, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and in the extraction of bromine. Chlorine has been utilized as a synthetic fighting specialist. Sources: In nature, chlorine is just found in the joined state, most usually with sodium as NaCl and in carnallite (KMgCl36H2O) and sylvite (KCl). The component is acquired from chlorides by electrolysis or by means of the activity of oxidizing specialists. Component Classification: Halogen Chlorine Physical Data Thickness (g/cc): 1.56 ( - 33.6 Â °C) Liquefying Point (K): 172.2 Breaking point (K): 238.6 Appearance: greenish-yellow, disturbing gas. At high weight or low temperature: red to clear. Isotopes: 16 known isotopes with nuclear masses running from 31 to 46 amu. Cl-35 and Cl-37 are both stable isotopes with Cl-35 as the most copious structure (75.8%).Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 18.7 Covalent Radius (pm): 99 Ionic Radius: 27 (7e) 181 (- 1e) Explicit Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.477 (Cl-Cl) Combination Heat (kJ/mol): 6.41 (Cl-Cl) Dissipation Heat (kJ/mol): 20.41 (Cl-Cl) Pauling Negativity Number: 3.16 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 1254.9 Oxidation States: 7, 5, 3, 1, - 1 Grid Structure: Orthorhombic Cross section Constant (Ã… ): 6.240 CAS Registry Number: 7782-50-5 Fascinating Trivia: Chlorine spills in holders are recognized utilizing smelling salts. Smelling salts will respond with the chlorine and structure a white fog over the leak.The most basic normal chlorine compound on Earth is sodium chloride or table salt.Chlorine is the 21st most rich component in the Earths crustChlorine is the third most copious component in the Earths oceansChlorine gas was utilized as a synthetic weapon during World War I. Chlorine is heavier than air and would shape a dangerous layer in low-lying foxholes and channels. References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (eighteenth Ed.)

Stay Tuned

Stay Tuned Hey hey! Welcome to the liveblog! At this very moment Im sitting in a hotel in Portland Oregon absolutely surrounded by prefrosh. Why am I absolutely surrounded by prefrosh? Because Im sitting at the Brown Yale MIT information session, waiting to here all about two schools Ive never been to and one school with which Im intimately familiar. Ill be live blogging Mikeys (the MIT speaker, and recent graduate) information but, as this is not a Brown or Yale admissions blog, I probably wont be blogging about their info. Instead, I will make random observations about the random people I see around me. _____ It all brings back some pretty awesome memories. I dont know about you guys, but I attend a freaking ton of these info sessions. Not just MIT, but Cornell, Columbia, Stanford, etc etc. It always involved hour drives to Portland, free pitchers of water, free pens and pamphlets, and lots and lots of info. Its been several years since Ive attended, I guess because Im no longer exploring schools, but its been a long time since Ive gone through the admissions process so I figured I should brush up on my statistics and refresh my memory about how admissions actually works. You know, I need to know what theyre telling you guys! _____ The representative for Brown is starting off the evening. The format for the evening will be each of the representatives to discuss a broad, general aspect of admissions that is relevant to each school. Then, after the general information, each speaker will discuss the individual schools. At the end there will be some QA , which I probably wont be blogging (because Ill be talking). _____ Topic one: The college search! The college search is all about research. There are a bunch of ways to do it, visiting, info sessions, websites, etc. She mentions that the average number of schools people are applying to is pushing 15, which they believe is TOO MUCH! What do they suggest? Aim for 7-9, and round them well. Some reaches, some target schools, and some safety schools, but make sure you like ALL OF THEM. You dont want to get into a school you dont want to attend. Itll make your April much easier when you have to decide. _____ Topic two: Admissions! Nick, from Yale, is the speaker. He was a history major and is from Ohio (shout out). Here are some things to think about. EA, ED, or Regular admissions? Should you apply early? Generally, Early Action is non-binding, Early Decision is binding. If you choose to apply early you need to decide if you are ready. The college will not be able to see your senior year, so make sure your Junior year is stellar. Dont feel compelled or obligated to apply early, only apply if you feel ready and have done a lot of research and know what youre doing. Yale, Brown, and MIT are all highly selective schools. They accept about 10% or lower of all applicants. Thats the bad news. The good news is that theres no checklist for being a successful candidate. Many different students fit into different types of classes and will compliment each other. From the applicant pools you could construct two or three different classes, but the admissions office has to choose which class they think will do best. _____ Since its not all about test scores, you should aim to be as true to yourself as possible. The college wants to know about you, not about what you think they want. They know what they want, be yourself. The essay is very important. Dont be analytical, dont write about a current event or history, write about yourself, show them about yourself. Its a challenge, its difficult, but its necessary. _____ Topic three: Financial Aid. Mikey is going to talk about how financial aid works. A lot of people look at the sticker price for the school and are scared away because of it. Admissions is need-blind, meaning they dont look at your finances when you apply. Financial aid is completely need-based, meaning each school will calculate your demonstrated need and will pay for that. The rest is up to you. Your demonstrated need is calculated from the FAFSA, the Collegeboard CSS profile, and various tax forms. Using these, they determine what the family should pay, what the student should pay (internships, outside work, scholarships, etc), and then the rest is paid by the school as a grant (not a loan, were talking free money). A lot of times the actual payment is much lower than the sticker price. You will apply for financial aid before you are accepted, this is normal. _____ Question: How has the economy affected endowments and financial aid? Endowments have been hit, but the money isnt coming from financial aid, so no worries. Question: What is the difference between early action and early decision? Early action is completely non-binding. If you apply early and are accepted then you still get to wait to decide. Early action single-choice (Yale) means you can only apply early to one school, but at MIT you can apply early to multiple schools (just, you know, not Yale). Brown is Early Decision, meaning you can only apply to them early, and if you are accepted you MUST attend. ED = binding, EA = non-binding. Question: International students? Brown is not need blind for international students, MIT is still need blind, so finances wont come into play. No more than 8% of MITs student body can be international. International can only apply regular action, not early. Yale is need blind without a strict cap, but they aim for around 10% of their student body to be international students. _____ Question: Transfer admissions? At MIT its dependent on how many freshmen dont go onto sophomore year (around 2%). Its very selective and very difficult, make sure you have a super stellar freshman year at your other college. _____ Question: High school foreign language requirement? MIT = 1 year! Whoo-hoo! Brown = around 4 years for competitive. Question: IB diplomas? Colleges are familiar with IB and understand that its very difficult. They take it into account. _____ Its time for Brown to talk now, and time for me to look around! Its filled to capacity here, there are people sitting on the floor and standing all along the back of the room. Im debating standing up and giving somebody my seat, but Im in the middle of the last row and itd be all awkward to stand up and have one person sit down. This is my first info session with multiple schools, its weird thinking that not all of the people here are interested in MIT, that some people dont care at all. _____ I think if a fire marshal walked in wed get in trouble. Oh, and this live blog is costing me $10 since Im not staying in the hotel and MIT isnt whipping out the magic AmEx to pay for it. Maybe Ill bug Matt McGann later for a $10 raise on my next paycheck. Ooh, at Brown they say they dont like it when people fall asleep in class and theyre all super engaged all the time. At MIT, we stay up until 5 in the morning building things and blowing things up, so by the time we get to lecture we are completely zombified, which is good, because I always feel like Im accomplishing more at 4 in the morning than at 9 in the morning. _____ There are little lamps all around the room. _____ The girl next to me has polka dots on her shoes. _____ Oh look, Brown builds a race car every year just like MIT! Ill bet they compete against each other. Shameless plug, if you attend MIT you should join the race car team, especially if youre MechE. They want you, trust me, they are always looking for help. _____ At Brown you can study abroad anywhere that youre allowed to travel as an American. You can also go to Cuba! thats a lol from me. _____ Browns band is the only band that ice skates at hockey games. Somebody from the MIT Marching Band please tell me this isnt true. _____ I wonder if anybody has ever hacked an info session? I wonder how that would work . . . _____ MIT Time!!! Go Mikey! He graduated in 2005, course 7. MIT is located on 150 acres of riverfront in Cambridge MA. Its a 10 minute walk across the bridge to Boston, and many of the dorms are laid out along the river with beautiful views of the city. _____ MIT is a future-minded school thats centered around problem solving, looking to solve the world problems and better mankind through technology. There are lots of initiatives at MIT, including the MIT Energy Initiative, the Poverty Action Lab, and the MIT Center for Cancer Research. _____ Oh look! A picture of MITs president, Susan Hockfield, standing there next to Obama. I guess that makes MIT kind of important in terms of the work were doing. Another picture is of Tish 10, a student in the MIT Wheelchair class, a class that designs wheelchairs for countries that dont necessarily have pavement. This class gives students the opportunity to design for other countries and then travel and help implement their inventions. MITs undergrads, around 4000 of them, are incredibly diverse. Mikeys rattling off some percentages for races and ethnicity, feel free to look them up. Students come from all over the country, world, and all sorts of financial backgrounds. Youll meet a lot of people from a lot of different cultures. _____ MIT has five schools, but they arent really divided or separated. The first school is the school of engineering, the most popular choice among undergraduates. About half the students are engineering students. Another school is the school of science. About 25% of undergrads are scientists. The third school is the architecture and urban planning school. The fourth school is the school of economics and management, including the Sloan School of Management, which a very very very top tier business school. The fifth school is the humanities school. A lot of people dont realize MIT has humanities, but there are over 500 humanities courses offered each year. _____ Obligatory Eric Lander picture (nobel prize winning biologist, teaches freshman bio). MIT is VERY collaborative. You are rarely all alone, suffering through homework by yourself. HW is often done in groups, people love to help, and you can always count on support from classmates. Its NOT COMPETITIVE! People want to help you, if not just because in the future you may be able to help them. There is no class rank at MIT, all students and degrees are treated the same way, no pressure. P/NR is the magic first semester system at MIT. If you pass your class you just get a P on your report card. If you fail, its stricken from the report card and it shows that you never took it. You cannot fail a class first semester of freshman year. _____ Research at MIT is huge, especially because of the UROP program. UROPs let you tag along on a research team with professors and their grad students, doing real research and getting paid or getting credit. Students get published in papers, can submit research, and it looks great on resumes. MIT has many abroad opportunities. Students can spend their Junior year in Cambridge (the other one) and theres another program that lets students travel to Spain. Any other study abroad opportunities can be worked out. The MISTI program lets students work and study abroad during the summer in a variety of countries. DLAB is a class that lets students travel and work abroad, it develops a technology or device that solves a problem and then travels to a country and helps people use their new technology. _____ Fun! MIT students love to have fun! Not everybody locks themselves away, people love to join clubs, build stuff, play sports, etc. Of note are underwater hockey and the chocolate lab. Sports: 33 varsity sports (we lost 8 this last year :( ). MIT is division III (except for crew, thats Div I). MIT has a PE program thats mandatory, but there are a bunch of fun classes (pistol juggling, archery, etc). MIT has a dome. Theres an entire slide devoted to this dome. Oh, this is a lead-in to the hacking speech. Harmless, anonymous, and sometimes involve the great dome. Pictures of: R2D2 dome, Harry Potter scar, Fire Truck on the dome, and the classic police car. hacks.mit.edu for more pictures (definitely check out that website, its really fun.) _____ Its Yale time, Im going to try to escape its like a million degrees in here. _____ Ok, Ive escaped to the little outside room, where its about 20 degrees cooler. Its just impossible to have that many people in one room without it getting too hot. My brass rat was about to slide off my finger! _____ I dont think the people around me realize that the chair I left is free booty now. Its just sitting there, empty. Sad times! _____ Ive drunk my free glass of water. It was really cold, and quite tasty. Im very picky about my water, so much so that I cant drink tap water from my dorm, I need to Brita it first. I can taste differences in water. This is good water. Yale is talk talk talking. _____ Hm, Im not sure I have anything else to say, I think this is going to be about it. After this theyre breaking into separate areas to talk to prefrosh about the schools, which Ill be helping with, so I guess this is goodbye! I hope you enjoyed, it was some frantic typing. Now, go watch Harry Potter (or pirate it or w/e, see it somehow), and have a good rest of week.

The Outside Influences On A College Student - 1661 Words

Joshua Huayamave Professor Uszerowicz Enc 1102 3/08/2015 The Outside influences on a College student Today, young people live in an environment in which many judge beauty on a superficial level, overspending budget margins for college or the student cannot afford to go to college at that year. Others such as social influences of the classroom, outside of the classroom, parents and teachers can have a profound effect on the college student too. These influences often meet with the students at multiple points in their lives. It depends on the student if they ignore, embrace or follow these influences that comes to pass. Is it expected to do as the others do? The real question is if all of these specific influences and individuals alter our lives for better or worse. It often proves challenging sending a child to college. Young adulthood is usually an important time for career decision-making and growth (Whiston, Keller, 2004).College is a large step and responsibility to ascertain on a college bound student. It proves to have freedom to do well in school but also to waste valuable time and money. It is often looked as an investment, but to many others it is viewed as a challenging subject to dedicate. Many student get discouraged as students study medicine, biology and other PhD candidacy in college. Others look at the very immediate action that must be taken care of, that subject area is known as tuition. Financial Aid has become more of burden rather than a free programShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article Biographies Of Hegemony By Karen Ho1574 Words   |  7 Pages As the perception of success evolves due to the impact of outside influences and societal culture, people begin to ask what is success? 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Observations And Analysis Of The United States Health Care...

Observations and analysis of the comparison: The Matrix tells that the US health care delivery system that (The process that enables people to receive health care or the provision of health care services to patients) is complex and massive, and despite the uniqueness of the US health care delivery system, but it lacks the universal access (no national health care program); therefore, not all population has continuous and comprehensive health care. Its mission is to have universal access with better quality. Its components of the functional view (Financing, Insurance, Delivery, and Payment). The problem of rising health care costs was a major force driving the rise of the cost of managed care which is a subsystem of US health care delivery system. While the mission of public health system: Promote Physical and Mental Health. Prevent Disease, Injury, and Disability. Prevents epidemics and the spread of disease. Protects against environmental hazards, Prevents injuries. Promotes and encourages healthy behaviors. Responds to disasters and assists communities in recovery. Assures the quality and accessibility of health Services. And the Core Functions of Public Health 1-Assessment, 2-Assurance, 3- Policy development. The structural capacity of the public health system is the cumulative resources and relationships necessary to carry out the important processes of public health. Structural capacity includes the following elements: information resources, organizational resources,Show MoreRelatedWhat Are Primary Care And The Related Concept Of Gatekeeping?1422 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are primary care and the related concept of gatekeeping? How does that model work for the United States health care delivery system? The utilization of primary care physicians as gatekeepers to masters and other medical resources, thought to be an overseen care development in the United States, has multiplied amid the previous couple of decades. 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Michael Jackson Research Essay Free Essays

string(56) " explore his talent and be in charge of his own career\." An Icon Never Forgotten The world of pop culture would never be the same. His voice was harmonious, his moves earth shattering and his actions unequivocally eccentric. The whole world could only watch in astonishment as the â€Å"King of Pop† altered lives and established himself as the juggernaut of the music industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Michael Jackson Research Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having been born in 1993, did not give me the opportunity to anxiously stay up until midnight, December 2, 1983 and witness the world premiere of Michael Jackson’s pinnacle, the hit, Thriller. Though my life began as the height of his career began to taper off, his music, actions and appeal is as much a part of my generation as it was then. Michael Jackson is the world’s greatest entertainer. His body of work, likeness and story has had a profound influence on popular music today, and will continue to have a resounding impact for generations to come. It was the early morning of August 29, 1958, in the blue-collar town, Gary, Indiana, when Katherine and Joseph Jackson welcomed their eighth child, Michael Joseph Jackson into the world he would forever change. Joseph Jackson was quick to realize his children had an unnatural talent, a divine gift of song and dance. He became eager, if not obsessive to profit from these talents. Michael was pushed towards stardom at a very early age. In 1962, his father formed the group The Jackson Five, consisting of Michael and his brothers. Every aspect of their domestic and now professional lives where micromanaged by Joe. He parented and managed them with a strong, often cruel unyielding hand. The wrong dance step could easily result in a beating one day and a barrage of verbal battery the next, â€Å"There is a lot of sadness in my past life. My father beat me. It was difficult to take being beaten and then going on stage. He was strict; very hard and stern† (Jackson. Oprah Winfrey). Their childhoods were pretty much taken away due to the rigorous work schedule, † I remember going to the record studio and there was a park across the street and I’d see all the children playing and I would cry because it would make me sad that I would have to work instead† (Jackson. Oprah Winfrey). When this was discovered, he was one of the first to be shown as a product of abuse by parents to further their own selfish ventures. His story would be related to various young entertainers of today. Questions will be asked such as, â€Å"Are parents pushing their children to hard? † In terms of his musicality, Michael was the lead singer and his immense talent was already evident at this young age. His voice is like an angel, a sound so seducing and his myriad of effortless gravity defying dance moves, he was a natural. By 1969 The Jackson Five were the first group to appeal to black and white audiences. The crossover success was evident by the record breaking, four number one singles in 1970. The Jackson Five had become worldwide superstars, constantly performing to sell out concerts in global venues. The Jackson five was universally popular on all broadcasting networking appealing to all audiences black and white. Hits such as â€Å"ABC†, and â€Å"I’ll Be There† are instantly recognized even today. In 1971, they were named one of the most influential groups and were given an animated series based on the lives of the Jackson Family. It was a drastically fictional portrayal of their true reality. Even through the young Jackson’s success, the torment from their father was constant. Joseph would continue his physical abuse of Michael throughout his adolescence and the mental cruelty would last throughout his life. Yet somehow, Michael kept singing and the hits kept coming. Michael Jackson had become a star, one that could not be contained by the Jackson 5. It was the first time the world had seen young black child reach that level of success. The world would become in tune with his life. They would share his pain upon news of his abuse. They too would revel in all his success as his talents consumed the world over. Michael’s early life helped pave the way for his influential career. The Jackson Five were a big influence on future boy bands including New Edition, New Kids on the Block, and The Jonas Brothers. When the group New Edition met with their manager and creator, Travis Gresham, he suggested to name the group New Edition to signify that they were the ‘new edition’ of the Jackson Five. When producer Maurice Starr created the group, New Kids on the Block, he was in search for a new version of Michael Jackson to take on the lead vocals. Starr came across the high note hitter and dancing machine, Joey McIntyre. The more current version of an all brother group, The Jonas Brothers, were also significantly influenced by the Jackson Five, â€Å"The first time we heard Michael’s voice was when our dad played the Jackson Five’s hit, I’ll Be There. We were amazed by the way that he and his brothers came together to entertain the world has been an obvious influence on us. Michael Jackson influenced every listener and every future performer with a talent the world had never seen before† (Joe Jonas. MTV Awards). Furthermore, various RB groups like Boyz 2 Men and All 4 One have sampled their songs countless times. Even today’s big stars like Chris Brown copied a track from Michael in his song â€Å"She Aint You†. The fact of the matter is the Jackson 5, a product of Michael’s talent, was bigger than most groups could ever hope to be and is universally recognized as one of the biggest groups of all time. In Michael’s young adulthood, he made the decision to break away from his brothers, as his talent could not be limited to his family. A decision fueled by his desire to further explore his talent and be in charge of his own career. You read "Michael Jackson Research Essay" in category "Essay examples" Michael influenced many other artists, including Beyonce and Justin Timberlake, to take the chance and break away from the group that they were engaged in. When most artists leave an extremely prosperous and established band to start their own solo career, the odds of success are dismal. Michael Jackson defied that statistic, far surpassing anything the Jackson Five had previously accomplished. Michael’s major breakthrough as a solo artist came when he released his first album, â€Å"Off The Wall†, which was co-produced by the legendary Quincy Jones. The album was released in 1979, and its success was exceptional. The album produced four United States top hits on the charts, a first for any US album, and won Michael Jackson three Billboard Music Awards: Top Black Artist, Top Black Album, and Best Male RB Vocal Performance. Imagine that dance from his song â€Å" I Want to Rock with You† is known by anyone who has sat in front of a TV. These awards and self-advertisement practically made the name Michael Jackson a household name and helped his career flourish in the 1980s. Even with the great success of his first single, Michael was still not satisfied, â€Å"I’m never pleased with anything, I’m a perfectionist, it’s part of who I am† (Jackson. Oprah Winfrey). Again, Michael and Quincy collaborated and created three-hundred songs for his new album, Thriller. Hard to decide, they cut it down to their nine favorite songs and the album was released in 1982. Thriller had an astonishing seven hit singles and it was selling one million albums per week. There was no one in the United States who did not hear the song. The music video is so popular that there are events around the world to re-enact the dance. It spent 80 consecutive weeks in the top ten albums, and 37 weeks of those in the number one spot. Don’t think for a moment that it was a one hit album though. His hit Billie Jean features an even more memorable dance featuring a move at a concert that shook the world in which he effortlessly glided across the dance floor. That dance is often imitated and that â€Å"Moonwalk† is a term that permeates pop culture. At the Grammy Awards, Thriller won Michael Jackson a record-breaking seven Grammy awards and, what he wanted the most, Album of the Year. Blending pop, RB, soul, dance, and disco, Michael brought a new sound to the population. All Grammy hopefuls compare their success to Michael Jacksons sweeping of the awards The Thriller album not only created history, it also become a milestone for racial equality in music. Music Television, MTV, was against playing African American RB music video; however, eventually, they agreed to air Michael Jackson’s hit video, Billie Jean. MTV had been previously dominated by rock music videos and denied videos from black artists like Rick James, but once they recognized the popularity of Michael Jackson’s songs, they evolved more towards pop and R;B, which helped future black artists like Prince. Before Michael Jackson’s video aired, MTV was struggling to become a top television channel. When they aired Michael’s videos, MTV became the hottest channel to watch. When the video for Thriller debuted, the demand to play it was so high that MTV had to play it twice an hour to meet demand for it. Thriller was said to be the best and most prominent music video ever created. MTV owes it’s over one hundred million viewers to Michael Jackson. In fact a video that insulted him was removed at his requests. His songs are still asked for to this day. Michael Jackson’s videos were not popular just because of the catchy, upbeat rhythms, but, because they were different. He was all substance. He is the definition of a true performer. As mentioned before, the video Billie Jean was first debuted on MTV, viewers watched something they have never seen before. Dressed in a glittering black jacket and wearing one white glove, Michael jumped, spun, and slid all over the video’s surrealistic city street set. Viewers could not take their eyes off of him. Michael Jackson made music videos an art form instead of having the singer stand there in front of a band lip synching the song. He incorporated special effects, storylines, dance routines, and cameo appearances into them. This started the epidemic of music videos. Every music dance video played today, has Michael Jackson to thank for that. Recording artist Ne-Yo remembers that when when Michael Jackson, â€Å"dropped a video, it was an event. † (Ne-Yo. MTV). He was one of the first to spend a million on a music video. A model that is copied today buy the biggest stars. Michael Jackson is not only a brilliant singer/songwriter, but also a skilled dancer. In 1983, on the TV special, Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever, Michael Jackson debuted his iconic dance move, the moonwalk. Unlike anything that had ever been seen before, the moonwalk proved Michael Jackson’s staying power and influence on popular culture. Everyone was trying to master the dance moves they had seen Michael do in his videos and on stage. Who didn’t want to glide across the stage in a perfect floating moonwalk? Besides the moonwalk, his other famous dance was the choreographed routine in the video Thriller. Michael knew that he wanted the video to, â€Å"take [dance] to another level†(Michael Jackson. Barbra Walters). The dance has been used in many Hollywood movies including the 2004 Blockbuster hit, 13 Going on 30. If you ask people to do the Thriller dance, nine out of ten will be able to demonstrate it. Michael Jackson’s dance moves has inspired many current artists today including Justin Timberlake and Usher. A former teen sensation himself, Usher is probably the closest current performer to Michael Jackson in terms of singing style and album anticipation. Usher is the primary reason for the return of the popularity of choreographed dancing with current RB acts. Usher states that ,†[Michael Jackson] influenced me in so many ways, more than just music †¦ as a humanitarian, as a philanthropist, as an artist, as an individual who transcended culture. I wouldn’t be who I am today without Michael Jackson† (Usher Raymond. MTV). With his outstanding talent as a dancer and a high-range vocals, Justin Timberlake has been honored in being compared to Michael Jackson ever since his former N*Sync days. 2006, at the Video Music Awards, the curtain rises as seven time Grammy winner, Justin Timberlake, stands, silhouetted with the stages lights. With his neck tilted down, hand on head, and spinning around, the crowd goes wild. Not because it is Justin Timberlake about to perform, but because he has just immortalized the one and only Michael Jackson. Timberlake expresses that, â€Å"No one presented a song onstage like Michael. To create the things that he created with his music, it’s really untouchable† (Justin Timberlake. MTV). Being one of the most influential artists, if not the most, is not always as exhilarating as it seems. With fame and fortune comes pain and despair. From skin bleaching to the dangling of his child off the balcony, there has always controversy surrounding his life. In 2002 Michael was in a hotel with his family and wanted to show off his new born baby to the paparazzi. He dangled the child over a fourth floor balcony. Michael stated that, â€Å"I love my children. I was holding my son tight. Why would I throw a baby off the balcony? That`s the dumbest, stupidest story I ever heard† (Michael Jackson. Oprah Winfrey). A lot of rumors got around that Michael Jackson was bleaching his skin because he wanted to become Caucasian. Michael Jackson said that he had a skin pigmentation; however, a lot of people did not believe this. There were many hurtful comments about him bleaching his skin and he was very offended by them, â€Å"I have a skin disorder that destroys the pigmentation of my skin, it’s something that I cannot help, OK? † (Michael Jackson. Oprah Winfrey). With all these controversies, Michael was given a nickname, â€Å"Yeah, Wacko Jacko, where did that come from? Some English tabloid. I have a heart and I have feelings. I feel that when you do that to me. It’s not nice† (Michael Jackson. Barbra Walters). With all of these controversies, Michael was still a charitable man with a big heart, † I’ve helped many, many, many children, thousands of children, cancer kids, leukemia kids† (Michael Jackson). In 1984, Jackson bought all new equipment for a unit at Mount Senai New York Medical Center, which is part of the T. J. Martell-Foundation for leukemia and cancer research. Later that year, he visited the Brotman Memorial Hospital, and donated all the money he received from a Pepsi commercial that he was in, $1. 5 million, to the Michael Jackson Burn Center for Children. Michael also created one of the largest charity events, the recording of â€Å"We are the World†, to help raise money for kids in Africa in 1985. Artists like Diana Ross, Lionel Richie, Bruce Springstein, Cyndi Lauper, Tina Turner and many more, helped with this recording. This charity was so influential that in 2010, over one hundred of today’s biggest artist including Justin Bieber, Fergie, Lil Wayne, Adam Levine and Pink re-sang the song for Haiti, raising an immense amount of money. Even with the rumors going on, Michael was said to have donated over three-hundred million dollars to different charities throughout his life. With Michael Jackson being big on charities and helping kids in need, he created an amusement park in his backyard for kids who are disadvantaged or have medical conditions. Michael named the park Neverland, same as the fantasy island in the story Peter Pan, which is about boy that never grows older, â€Å"I’ll always be Peter Pan in my heart† (Michael Jackson. Oprah Winfrey). The 3000 acre land is filled with rides, animals, a train and many more attractions, â€Å"We have elephants, and giraffes, and crocodiles, and every kind of tigers and lions. And – and we have bus loads of kids, who don’t get to see those things. They come up, sick children, and enjoy it† (Michael Jackson. Ed Bradley). Neverland was intended to bring happiness to everyone; however, it brought a horrific result to Michael. In 1993, Michael Jackson was accused of molesting a thirteen year old boy at his Neverland Ranch. Michael had met the boy in 1992 and they soon became friends. The child had become a regular guest and started staying the night at the residence, which was not uncommon. Michael gave the boy gifts and paid for several family vacation trips around the world. The father of the boy, Evan Chandler, stated that, â€Å"[Michael Jackson] was part of our family† (Chandler. Vindicating Michael). According to the allegations, for four months, Michael had been kissing and fondling with the boy when they were alone. These allegations became the main topic on all news stations. While Michael said he was innocent, many believed the news articles that stated he was a child molester, â€Å"It’s a complete lie, why do people buy these papers? It’s not the truth I’m here to say. You know, don’t judge a person, do not pass judgment, unless you have talked to them one on one. I don’t care what the story is, do not judge them because it is a lie† (Michael Jackson). In 1994, Michael Jackson settled the civil lawsuit paying an undisclosed amount to the boy’s family. Many believe that he paid between 15 and 20 million dollars. After receiving the money, the boy refused to testify in any criminal matters. Therefore, the prosecution was not able to pursue a criminal case. Michael was accused again of child molestation in 2005, but was also found not guilty. These accusations did not fully ruin Michael’s career, but they did impact it. The media began to impair the career of Michael Jackson with ridiculous tabloid stories and false allegations, using wrong information to convince them. Society started to see him in a different light, giving him a poor reputation, â€Å"The press has made up so much†¦ God†¦ awful, horrifying stories†¦ it has made me realize the more often you hear a lie, I mean, you begin to believe it† (Michael Jackson. Oprah Winfrey). Sadly, his fans began to separate Michael from his music. The music was still prodigious; however, Michael, was seen as a predator. Artist Lil Wayne is going through the same thing with fans, but he went to jail for drugs. Lil Wayne’s music is still heard on the radio; however, the media on him is not respectable. After the allegations, the majority of people did not consider Michael as the influential pop star he once was, nor gave him recognition for his notable charity work and contributions in society; however, Michael tried to better his career; however is was never at the same magnitude as his â€Å"Thriller† album. From experiencing fame at such a young age, fighting lawsuits, paparazzi scandals, continuous plastic surgery, extreme tabloid stories, and false allegations, Michael Jackson never fully recovered. These struggles lead Michael into a deep depression, which subsequently resulted in an accidental overdose that cost him his life. People around the world were taken back by his sudden death in 2009. Through the comments all over the Internet, persistent updates on the television, the massive increase of albums sold on ITunes, and the misinterpretations of the way his death occurred, it was vident that the death of the King of Pop had a large impact on the nation. Rarely does any album get a 25th anniversary celebration, but Thriller did. Without a doubt, Thriller was a milestone for an entire generation. With singles at the top of the charts, changing MTV, and credit for breaking the color barrier and making way for a new generation of black artists, Michael Jackson truly exceeded what an yone could have expected. His unprecedented success is still resounding in popular culture today. Televison shows such as X Factor, Glee, America’s Next Top Model and American Idol have all had â€Å"Let’s give thanks to Michael Jackson† episodes. There is even a dance game called â€Å"The Michael Jackson Experience† that lets people learn his dance moves and perform with him. Michael Jackson’s iconic dances, vocals, and blending of genres continue to inspire new artists and captivate audiences worldwide. There is no doubt in my mind that twenty years from now, everyone will still know who the â€Å"King of Pop† was and how he has influenced almost every artist today. Works Cited Goh, Dion Hoe-Lian, and Chei Sian Lee. â€Å"An Analysis Of Tweets In Response To The Death Of Michael Jackson. † Aslib Proceedings 63. 5 (2011): 432-444. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Dec. 2011. Fast, Susan. â€Å"Difference That Exceeded Understanding: Remembering Michael Jackson (1958-2009). † Popular Music ; Society 33. 2 (2010): 259-266. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Dec. 2011. Jackson, Michael. Moonwalk. New York: Doubleday, 1988. Print. Krohn, Katherine. Michael Jackson. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company, 2010. Print. Halperin, Ian. Unmasked: The Final Years. New York: Pocket Books, 2009. Print. Taraborrelli, Randy. Michael Jackson: The Magic, The Madness, The Whole Story, 1958-2009. New York: Hachette Digital, Inc, 2009. Print. â€Å"Vindicating Michael. † HIStory vs EVANstory: The 1993 Allegations Part 1. 20 Apr. 2011. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. ;http://vindicatemj. wordpress. com/2011/04/20/history-vs-evanstory-the-1993-allegations-part-1/;. Interview by Barbra Walters. 20/20. ABC. 12 Sept. 1997. Television. Interview by Oprah Winfrey. Oprah Winfrey Show. KFMB. 1993. Television. Interview by Ed Bradley. 60 Minutes. CBS. 1993. How to cite Michael Jackson Research Essay, Essays

Contexts For Communication Free Sampless †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Contexts For Communication. Answer: Among three contexts for communication, the first one is intrapersonal communication, which involves only one person. It is often referred to as self-talk. We use language for reflecting on our personal experiences and even talking ourselves through situations. Intrapersonal experience can be both positive and negative and influence the way we observe and respond to situations and communicate with others. The second major context is interpersonal communication, which generally involves two people. This type of communication ranges from being intimate to very personal, and then to formal and then impersonal. The third communication context is group communication, which is a dynamic process in which a small number of people get themselves involved in the conversation. It is usually described as having an involvement of around three to six people. The bigger the conversation group the more probability there is of breaking it down into smaller groups. Each of these contexts have some kin d of influence on the communication process. These contexts at some point can overlap, which can create an even more dynamic process. Communication in these contexts over the lifetime would help in its application with respect to the experience gained from each of these contexts. Organizations mostly see different forms of group communication inside them. Organizations generally have large groups in which a form of communication exists. While communicating in a diverse form of group, especially in a marketing department, the first and most important things to consider are age, gender, education and location for learning more about the involved people and their generic preferences and even dislikes. In a department as big as marketing, several smaller groups are found, divided according to may be specific areas of education. This knowledge about the group can be utilized for increasing the efficiency of a business communicator. The key steps involved in having an effective two-way communication process are: Development of a notion that the sender wishes to convey Encoding the idea to be communicated into proper words, signs or charts that would assist the transmission process. In this step, it is decided by the sender what method of transmission would be used, as along with that the words and signs also needs to be prearranged for transmission. The third step involves the act of transmission of the message with the help of the chosen method. Senders even attempt at keeping their communication channel free of barriers for making sure the conveyed messages actually get the chance to reach the receivers. The fourth step makes it possible for another person to obtain the message. In this stage, the initiative is transported to the receiver. The message gets lost if there is no detected function from the receivers side. This step involves the decoding of the message for it to become easier to understand. It is obvious that the sender would want the receiver to understand the conveyed message in the correct way in which it was meant to. The comprehension situation happens only in the mind of the receiver. Communication might make people listen, but there is no way that others can understand it if not meant to. It completely depends on the receiver to choose to understand or not. Several employers oversee this fact when they give orders. They make the mistake that telling someone anything would be enough, which is not the case unless there is comprehension. The final step in the two-way communication process is the usage of the communication by the receiver. The receiver might store it, discard it or perform the task as instructed or do something else. Some effective management communication characteristics are as follows: Segmented for meeting the requirements and needs of specific audiences. Specific for meeting the requirements and needs of specific audiences. Accurate with regards to the conveyed content and also to the simple and basic things like spelling, punctuation and grammar. Punctual to face the challenge of the current technology driven business environment and communicate with the employees on a timely basis. Frequent for making sure all employees have received it and information has been passed on. Multi-channel business communication for making sure all employees, irrespective of the settings, receives it. Face-to-face communication as an effective method can be used whenever applicable and possible. Two-way communication offers the benefit of sharing feedback, thoughts and opinions to both the employers and all employees. Examples of electronic communication method: Email is a method at first proposed to mimic physical mail. Messages are passed on from one specific convey to no less than one specific areas. Messages are basically text however may join file attachments of various sorts including pictures and short movies. Not at all like texts, emails are generally not expected that would be examined right away upon receipt. Email is ideally suited for since a long time back, included talks between two people or among little social affairs of people. Text messaging makes use of cellular airwaves and protocols to pass on textual messages beginning with one cellular phone then onto the following or from one phone to a social affair of various phones. Text messaging is typically proposed as close minute correspondence and could be speedier than a phone bring in light of the way that the sender does not have to wait for the recipient to answer before passing on a message. Video chatting is coordinated over Internet protocols that stream pictures starting with one contraption then onto the following. Video chats give a briskness to a discourse. Since a man's tone is routinely less requesting to examine when you can see his face, associations as often as possible use videoconferencing to help in virtual social occasions. Examples of non-electronic communication method: Face-to-Face is the most gainful sort of correspondence between anyone. It empowers the two social events to express what might they want to state and responding to each other. The target gathering of spectators is basically wide. Memorandum is used for inside correspondence between the workplaces inside an affiliation. The target group can be the agents of the affiliation. The invoice records the measure of everything, the costs, service delineation, and a contact address for portion. It is a definitive record which can be used as verification of an obtained commitment. The target gatherings of spectators are generally the buyer of the thing and those with remarkable pay. Effective listening techniques Eliminate (or reduce) preoccupations: At work, this could mean closing your office gateway, slaughtering your cell phone or closing your laptop. Keep an open position: Face the speaker particularly and uncross your arms and legs. Maintain eye to eye association: This consoles the speaker that you are revolved around what they are expressing and energizes you read their sentiments. Paraphrase: When the speaker passes on something of particular noteworthiness, reiterate in your own particular words what you heard them say. Clarify: From time to time, make request about what the speaker is expressing in a strong and empathic way. Analytics and data gives each one of us sorts of bits of learning into what our customers require from our business. Customer feedback energizes us fathom the WHY behind what people are doing. Why are people utilizing one component three times as frequently as another? Why does the dominant part of your clienteles quit making accounts on the last walk? Or, of course what influences clienteles to use your product less as regularly as could be allowed (and over the long haul stop completely)? When we facilitate customer feedback to what we're finding in our analytics, we get a much richer photograph of what's occurring. Here are the 5 most perfect ways to deal with get unsurprising (and dumbfounding) feedback from your clienteles: Surveys Feedback boxes Put out straight User activity Usability Tests Barriers to communication within a workplace The usage of slang. Over-bewildered, new and also exact terms. Emotional barriers and taboos. A group of individuals may believe that its problematic to show their emotions and a couple of subjects might be unconditionally 'untouchable's or unfathomable. Lack of thought, interest, preoccupations, or insignificance to the authority. Differences in wisdom and point of view. Physical ineptitudes, for instance, hearing issues or talking concerns. Physical barriers to non-verbal communique. Not possessing the skill to see the non-verbal signs, movements, position and general body language can make communique less effective. Language contrasts and the problem in seeing new accents. Verbal communication is that form of oral communication in which the message gets transferred with the help of spoken words. The sender expresses his or her feelings, ideas and opinions in different forms of conversations, presentations and speeches. The efficiency of these kind of verbal communication lies in the tone of the speaker, the body language, clarity of speech, volume and quality of words that are used in conversing. In case of this communication, feedback is received immediately as there happens concurrent broadcast and receipt of the message between the sender and the receiver. Nonverbal communication is the method of transferring meaning of any message without the use of any words, nether spoken nor written. Conversely, any form of communication that is made between two or more individuals with the help of facial expressions, body language, body movements, postures and gestures are considered as nonverbal communication. This form of communication assists in establishing and maintaining the interpersonal relationships, at the time when verbal are only of use while communicating about external events. Nonverbals are used by people for expressing emotions and interpersonal attitudes, bring forward ones personality and conducting rituals like greetings. Nonverbal communication regulates the flow of communication. Legislation, organizational policies and procedures that apply to communicating with people: Human Rights Legislation Freedom of Information Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 PACE Codes of Practice National Intelligence Model Data Protection Act.

Bicycle Theif essays

Bicycle Theif essays Another fine example of neorealism is The Bicycle Thief (1948), written by Cesare Zavattini and directed by Vittorio De Sica. The narrative of this film unfolds in post-W.W.II times. The film is a portrait of the post-war Italian disadvantaged class (the majority) in their search for self-respect. It is a time of struggle for the Italian people, amplified by a shortage of employment and lack of social services. In the first scenes of the film, these conditions are evident as Antonio Ricci (Lamberto Maggiorami) meets his spouse Maria (Lianalla Carell) on his way back home. We see the men arguing at the employment office as the women argue about the shortage of water. Although the directors pessimism drives the plot, it is ultimately the clash with human optimism which gives this film affective power. Antonios new job can bring his family new hopes and happiness, which are drastically destroyed when his bicycle is stolen. The banal circumstances are brought to life when it is realized that a modest bicycle is such an important element in determining the future survival of the Ricci family. Human optimism is there, beginning with Antonios excitement when he gets his bike from the pawn shop, and the next morning when the family joyfully interacts before setting out for work. These scenes contain the promises that a modest job can bring and the dignity and pride of being able to once more function within Italian society. The embodiment of this self-respect is shown when Antonio and his son Bruno (Enzo Staicca) both smile at Maria as they leave home. Self-respect and all the related values such as pride, dignity, modesty and honor are very important in Italian society. Witness Bruno, whom at a young age, works full time at a gas station. Brunos contributions to the Ricci family make him a man and strip him of his innocence. Being able to work is a ...

Whats the SAT Score Range

What's the SAT Score Range SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The first step in preparing for the SAT is learning basic info about the test. If you’ve decided to take the SAT, or even if you’re still choosing between the SAT and ACT, it’s important to understand how the test is scored. I’ll give you a crash course in the SAT and its score ranges before talking in more detail about what these scores actually mean- what’s good, what’s bad, and what’s average. SAT: The Basics The SAT is taken by over 2 million students a yearand is accepted by pretty much every college and university. Students submit their test scores as part of their college applications; admissions officers use the scores to help determine whether students are eligible candidates. The higher your score range, the more academically prepared you'll seem to admissions officers. The SAT Score Range Interestingly enough (or maybe not), SAT scores don't start at zero. The SAT comprises two mandatory sections, Evidence-Based Reading Writing and Math.Each section has a minimum score of 200 points and a maximum score of 800 points. In total, then, the lowest score you could receive on the SAT is 400, whereas the highest possible score is 1600. The essay is scored a bit differently. Two scorers award 1-4 points on three different dimensions: reading, analysis, and writing. These aren't factored into your score out of 1600. As it turns out, fewer people get the lowest possible score (400) than get perfect scores (1600). Understanding SAT Scores You don’t just want to know about the SAT score range - you’re also likely interested in what these scores actually mean. What’s good? Bad? Average? Over 2 million students take SAT every year, so we have a lot of data on how people tend to perform. Your definition of good, bad, and average scores will depend on your comparison group- whether you’re concerned about how people perform at the national level, at your high school, or at your target colleges. National SAT Performance I'll start with data on how all SAT test-takers perform so you can get an idea of score distribution at a national level: The average composite SAT score is about 1000 points out of a possible 1600. The 75th percentile - the score that's higher than 75% of other test-takers' scores - is 1200 points. Scores at the 75th percentile and above (1200-1600 points) are generally considered to be excellent. The 25th percentile - the score that's lower than 75% of other test-takers' scores - is 840. Scores at the 25th percentile and below (400-840 points) are generally considered to be low. High School and Target College SAT Performance Although it's helpful to compare your SAT scores to the national average, it's also important to consider other comparison groups. Knowing how your peers tend to perform, in addition to knowing how students at your target colleges tend to perform, will help you come up with a goal score to shoot for. You'll also be better able to compile lists of target, reach, and safety schools. Your peer and target college SAT performance will depend on two obvious factors: where you currently go to high school and where you hope to go to college. Although the process may sound daunting, gathering this SAT score performance information isn't too difficult. For instructions on getting information on how your classmates tend to score, check out our guide on excellent SAT scores. To learn about how to get SAT information for your target schools, read our post on setting a goal score. You can also google "[name of college] PrepScholar admissions requirements." Not too hard, right? What's Next? Now that you know all about the SAT score range, you'll want to bring up your composite score as much as possible. Learn more about studying for the SAT, whether you're in a rush to increase your score or have plenty of time to prepare. Want to earn a perfect score? Read our famous guide to earning a 1600 on the SAT. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

E-commerce, Distance Selling Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-commerce, Distance Selling Regulations - Essay Example This exclusion has been implemented by the Distance Selling Regulation 5 (1) (f).3.Auctions are not however excluded from the scope of the E-commerce Directive 2000/31/EC. 4. It seems therefore, that for purposes of the Sale of Goods Act 1979, an internet auction may be regarded as an 'auction', so that the consumer protection provisions apply to business sellers in internet auctions.5 The effect of this definition is that sellers of goods have to comply with the implied terms in sections 12 (title), 13 (sale by description), 14 (implied terms about quality and fitness) and 15 (sale by sample). According to Section 14(2) of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 " Where the seller sells goods in the course of a business, there is an implied term that the goods supplied under the contract are of satisfactory quality." Many issues arise in this context for example whether the provider of an auction platform is liable for the goods sold on his platform if they are not of satisfactory quality.What if the consumer is unable to locate the seller of the goodsHere Regulation 19 of the Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002 would apply if the online provider merely hosted the website and would be immune to criminal liability where had no actual knowledge that the goods being sold on his website were not of satisfactory quality. The online provider would also be immune against civil liability where the auction provider does not have actual knowledge of the unlawful activities or information . So for example an auction provider would not be liable in damages for a goods which were defective unless he had actual or constructive knowledge of this problem.However the position would change if the Auction service provider has received sufficiently precise notice about the defective goods and does n ot stop advertising them.6 Also where a business seller engages in unfair commercial practices on an auction platform towards consumer sellers, Regulation 19 would not stop the Office of Fair Trading from taking enforcement action against the provider of the auction platform.The auction provider will also be subject to the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999. Consumer to Consumer Transactions Last but not the least Section 14 does not apply to consumer to consumer sales although the advent of online bidding has increased the complications caused by such transactions. For example the EBay system has blurred the difference between sellers and buyers with its simplified selling arrangement. ________________________________________________________________ Critically consider the application of the Distance Selling Regulations in the context of contracts made using e-mail or through a web-page. This question requires the discussion of the UK Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations which came into force on 31 October 2000 and implemented

An Organizational Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Organizational Dilemma - Essay Example This essay seeks to analyze a critical way of handling ethical issues in any organization by using an example from General Motors. The methodology used herein is derived by Trevino and Nelson (2011). Steps of Handling Ethical Issues Now that ethical issues will always appear in a business organization, it is only obvious that every manager has the responsibility of handling the issues sensibly. This means they should be handled in a manner that compromises little but at the same time achieves a great deal for the business. In that light, the eight step model developed by Trevino and Nelson (2011) seeks to ease the task of managers in ensuring that all the key players, who are; the customers, employees, shareholders and the community in which the business operates, are all at a satisfactory level. Step One: Gather the Facts According to Trevino and Nelson, this is quite a critical yet unpredictable part of addressing the ethical issue (2011). At this level, the management is required to collect the points of view of the customers, employees, shareholders and the community. ... Step Two: Define the Ethical Issues This is an analysis of the results obtained in step one. The management interprets the meaning of the facts gathered in relation to the organization. This identifies the genuine issues from the bluffs. For instance, a GM customer who claims that there is no customer help centre in South Africa is considered to be bluffing since there are a number of them. Step Three: Identify the Affected Parties The opinion or complaint of one party could be a whole network that affects more than just that one party. This step enlists all the parties affected by a single issue. For instance, GM was considered to be a key pollutant in 1978 by producing 80 different toxic fumes. This not only affects the community around it but also the employees working in the factory. Step Four: Identify the Consequences These could be considered as either long-term or short-term effects of the particular issue highlighted by the preceding steps (Trevino and Nelson, 2011). This me ans that some effects are felt for a long period of time while others are only felt for a short time. These effects can also be viewed from the perspective of how much damage they cause to the stakeholders. For example, the GM pollution of 1978 was said to cause adverse respiratory complications for the society around it, including school children. With this, the management is charged with the responsibility of providing actions that can solve the situation both in the long term and short term. Step Five: Identify Obligation for each Action Contemplated This means that the management is required to know if any of the actions contemplated in step four is implemented and the implications thereof to

Different Learning Theories Of Human Resource Development

Different Learning Theories Of Human Resource Development Knowing a persons learning style enables learning to be orientated according to the preferred method. That said, everyone responds to and needs the motivation of all types of learning styles to one extent or another its a matter of using importance that fits best with the given situation and a persons learning style preferences. Kolbs learning theory sets out four different learning styles, which are based on a four stage learning cycle. In this respect Kolbs model is particularly elegant, since it offers both a way to understand individual peoples different learning styles, and also an explanation of a cycle of experiential learning that applies to us all. Diverging (feeling and watching CE/RO) Assimilating (watching and thinking AC/RO) Converging (doing and thinking AC/AE) Accommodating (doing and feeling CE/AE) Diverging people are able to look at things from different perspectives. They are sensitive. They prefer to watch rather than do, tending to gather information and use imagination to solve problems. They are best at viewing concrete situations several different viewpoints. Kolb called this style Diverging because these people perform better in situations that require ideas-generation, for example, brainstorming. People with a Diverging learning style have broad cultural interests and like to collect information. They are interested in people, be likely to be creative and emotional, and tend to be strong in the arts. People with the Diverging style prefer to work in groups, to listen with an open mind and to receive personal feedback. The Assimilating learning preference is for a summarizing, logical approach. Ideas and concepts are more important than people. These people require good clear explanation rather than practical opportunity. They do extremely well at understanding wide ranging information and organizing it a clear logical format. People with an Assimilating learning style are less focused on people and more interested in ideas and abstract concepts. People with this style are more attracted to logically sound theories than approaches based on practical value. These learning style people are important for effectiveness in information and science careers. In formal learning situations, people with this style prefer readings, lectures, exploring analytical models, and having time to think things through. For an example people who prefer the Assimilating learning style will not be comfortable being thrown in at the deep end without notes and instructions. Converging people with a Converging learning style can solve problems and will use their learning to find solutions to useful issues. They prefer technical tasks, and are less concerned with people and interpersonal aspects. People with a Converging learning style are best at finding practical uses for ideas and theories. They can solve problems and make decisions by finding solutions to questions and problems. People with a Converging learning style are more attracted to technical tasks and problems than social or interpersonal issues. A Converging learning style enables high-quality and technology abilities. People with a Converging style like to test with new ideas, to simulate, and to work with practical applications. The Accommodating learning style is hands-on, and relies on perception rather than logic. These people use other peoples analysis, and prefer to take a practical, experiential approach. They are attracted to new challenges and experiences, and to carrying out plans. They usually act on gut instinct rather than logical analysis. People with an Accommodating learning style will tend to rely on others for information than carry out their own analysis. This learning style is common and useful in roles requiring action and initiative. People with an Accommodating learning style prefer to work in teams to complete tasks. They set targets and actively work in the field trying different ways to achieve an objective. People who like prefer to use an Accommodating learning style are likely to become frustrated if they are forced to read lots of instructions and rules, and are unable to get hands on experience as soon as possible. However most people clearly display clear strong preferences for a given learning style. The ability to use or switch between different styles is not one that we should assume comes easily or naturally to many people. Basically, people who have a clear learning style preference, for whatever reason, will tend to learn more effectively if learning is orientated according to their preference. Honey and Mumford learning styles Honey and Mumford (1982) have built a typology of Learning Styles around this cycle, identifying individual preferences for each stage (Activist, Reflector, Theorist, and Pragmatist respectively); Kolb also has a test instrument (the Learning Style Inventory) but has carried it further by relating the process also to forms of knowledge. Anonymous, (2010) There are four characteristics of learning styles, Activist Theorist Pragmatist Reflector Activists involve themselves totally and without unfairness in new experiences. They enjoy the here and now, and are happy to be dominated by immediate experiences. They are open-minded, not disbelieving, and this tends to make them excited about anything new. Their philosophy is: Ill try anything once. They tend to act first and consider the consequences afterwards. Their days are filled with activity. They tackle problems by brainstorming. As soon as the stimulation from one activity has died down they are busy looking for the next. They tend to increase on the challenge of new experiences but are bored with implementation and longer term consolidation. They are gregarious people constantly involving themselves with others but, in doing so; they seek to centre all activities on themselves. For an example, those people who learn by doing. Activists need to get their hands dirty, to dive in with both feet first. Have an open-minded approach to learning, involving themselves fully and without bias in new experiences. Brainstorming problem solving, group discussion, competitions and role play, these are the activities of Activists. Theorists adapt and combine observations into complex but logically sound theories. They think problems through in a vertical, step-by-step logical way. They learn disparate facts into logical theories. They tend to be perfectionists who wont rest easy until things are tidy and fit into a normal proposal. They like to analyse and combine. They are keen on basic assumptions, principles, theories models and systems thinking. Their philosophy prizes rationality and logic. If its logical its good. Questions they frequently ask are: Does it make sense? How does this fit with that? What are the basic assumptions? They tend to be detached, analytical and dedicated to rational objectivity rather than anything subjective or ambiguous. Their approach to problems is consistently logical. This is their mental set and they rigidly reject anything that doesnt fit with it. They prefer to maximize certainty and feel uncomfortable with subjective judgments, lateral thinking and anything flippant. For an example, learners like to understand the theory behind the actions. They need models, concepts and facts in order to engage in the learning process. Prefer to analyse and synthesize, drawing new information into a systematic and logical theory. Pragmatists are keen on trying out ideas, theories and techniques to see if they work in practice. They positively search out new ideas and take the first opportunity to research with applications. They are the sort of people who return from courses full with new ideas that they want to try out in practice. They like to get on with things and act quickly and confidently on ideas that attract them. They tend to be impatient with ruminating and open-ended discussions. They are essentially practical, down to earth people who like making practical decisions and solving problems. They respond to problems and opportunities as a challenge. Their philosophy is There is always a better way and If it works its good. For an example, people need to be able to see how to put the learning into practice in the real world. Abstract concepts and games are of limited use unless they can see a way to put the ideas into action in their lives. Experimenters, trying out new ideas, theories and techniques to see if they work Reflector like to stand back to ponder experiences and observe them from many different perspectives. They collect data, both first hand and from others, and prefer to think about it carefully before coming to a conclusion. The thorough collection and analysis of data about experiences and events is what counts so they tend to reschedule reaching definitive conclusions for as long as possible. Their philosophy is to be careful. They are thoughtful people who like to consider all possible angles and implications before making a move. They prefer to take a back seat in meetings and discussions. They enjoy observing other people in action. They listen to others and get the drift of the discussion before making their own points. They tend to adopt a low profile and have a slightly distant, tolerant relaxed air about them. When they act it is part of a wide picture which includes the past as well as the present and others observations as well as their own. For an example, people learn by observing and thinking about what happened. They may avoid leaping in and prefer to watch from the sidelines. Prefer to stand back and view experiences from a number of different perspectives, collecting data and taking the time to work towards an appropriate conclusion. Learning Theories The Behaviorist Approach Some of our learning comes about as a response to a stimulus. We are learning from our sensors. We react to something outside ourselves. If the result is good for us, we learn to react in similar fashion in a similar situation, while if the result is bad, we learn not to do that again. This is the basic idea of the Behaviorist Approach which can be traced back to the work of Pavlov (1927) who taught dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell. Behaviorist concentrates on modifying behavior by reinforcement. Behavior that is seen as positive or good is reinforced by rewards. For an example car insurance is reduced if you do not make a claim. Most people have experienced both positive and negative reinforcement. We can see that behaviorist learning theories have their strengths. However, this approach to learning has been critized as mechanistic and tending to focus only on certain behavior. There is evidence to suggest that reinforcement may need constant topping-up to remain effective. Anonymous, (2010) The Cognitive Approach If some of our learning is reactive, some learning can also be described as positive. That is we seek out information and try to make sense of it in order to understand better our world and our place in it. This is the basis of cognitive theories of learning, which make use of the work of researchers such as Kohler (1925) and Piaget (1950). Kohler worked with apes and Piaget concentrated on child development, but their results have been applied more widely. For the cognitive, the key feature of human beings for learning is that we are intelligent seekers. According to cognitive approaches, we constantly find that our experience of the world does not quite fit the way we see the world, and we try to do something about the misfit. We seek new information, we adjust our view of the world, and we may create a new way of seeing the world. There are clear connections here with some of the elements we noted earlier in the different stages of the learning process. The Social Learning Approach The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become perhaps the most important theory of learning and development. While ingrained in many of the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning. His theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people. Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors. Psychology, (2010) Basic Social Learning Concepts 1. People can learn through observation. Observational Learning In his famous Bobo doll studies, Bandura established that children learn and reproduce behaviors they have observed in other people. The children in Banduras studies observed an adult acting aggressively toward a Bobo doll. When the children were later allowed to play in a room with the Bobo doll, they began to reproduce the aggressive actions they had previously observed. Bandura identified three basic models of observational learning: A live model, which involves an actual individual representative or acting out a behavior. A verbal instructional model, which involves descriptions and explanations of a behavior. A symbolic model, which involves real or fictional characters displaying behaviors in books, films, television programs, or online media. 2. Mental states are important to learning. Intrinsic Reinforcement Bandura noted that external, environmental reinforcement was not the only factor to influence learning and behavior. He described essential reinforcement as a form of internal reward, such as pride, satisfaction, and a sense of accomplishment. This emphasis on internal thoughts and cognitions helps connect learning theories to cognitive developmental theories. While many textbooks place social learning theory with behavioral theories, Bandura himself describes his approach as a social cognitive theory. 3. Learning does not necessarily lead to a change in behavior. While behaviorists believed that learning led to a permanent change in behavior, observational learning demonstrates that people can learn new information without demonstrating new behaviors. The Modeling Process Not all observed behaviors are effectively learned. Factors involving both the model and the learner can play a role in whether social learning is successful. Certain requirements and steps must also be followed. The following steps are involved in the observational learning and modeling process: Attention: In order to learn, you need to be paying attention. Anything that detracts your attention is going to have a negative effect on observational learning. If the model interesting or there is a novel aspect to the situation, you are far more likely to dedicate your full attention to learning. Retention: The ability to store information is also an important part of the learning process. Retention can be affected by a number of factors, but the ability to pull up information later and act on it is vital to observational learning. Reproduction: Once you have paid attention to the model and retained the information, it is time to actually perform the behavior you observed. Further practice of the learned behavior leads to improvement and skill advancement. Motivation: Finally, in order for observational learning to be successful, you have to be motivated to imitate the behavior that has been modeled. Reinforcement and punishment play an important role in motivation. While experiencing these motivators can be highly effective, so can observing other experience some type of reinforcement or punishment. For example, if you see another student rewarded with extra credit for being to class on time, you might start to show up a few minutes early each day. Psychology, (2010) Learning Curve A learning curve is a graphical representation of the changing rate of learning (in the average person) for a given activity or tool. Usually, the increase in retention of information is sharpest after the primary attempts, and then regularly evens out, meaning that less and less new information is retained after each duplication. The learning curve can also represent at a glance the initial difficulty of learning something and, to an extent, how much there is to learn after early knowledge. For example, the Windows program Notepad is extremely simple to learn, but offers little after this. On the other extreme is the UNIX terminal editor VI, which is difficult to learn, but offers a wide array of features to master after the user has figured out how to work it. It is possible for something to be easy to learn, but difficult to master or hard to learn with little beyond this. Wikipedia, (2010)